Refuting Genesis 3 – Can biology rise to the challenge?

April 3rd, 2012

I have previously shown how it might be possible, through huge advancements in science to refute the claim that we descended from humanoids (i.e. Adam and Eve) instead of simply being genetically different from chimpanzees purely through natural selection of genetic defects.

I now have a challenge to the world’s biologists. One of them, Paul Myers has already failed the challenge. Even though he can’t provide me with any evidence that my hypothesis is wrong, he has been very abusive because I dared question his religious biases as an Atheist.

Disgraced lecturer Paul Z Myers is known to be intolerant of non-Atheists viewpoints to the extent he is willing to desecrate the Quran and other sacred texts

It is my view that the Bible cannot be written off as a document until science is able to refute it. Science has already done this in some areas. For instance science has provided evidence to support the claim that Pi is not 3 as the Bible says, but 3.1415…

So, as I shown in the article referred to above it will be possible to show whether what made us split away from our chimpanzee cousins was a humanoid or inherited genetic mutations.

Let me provide you with some facts most biologists will support as accurate:

  • The main difference between humans and chimpanzees is that chimps have Chromosomes 2A and 2B which in humans have fused as Chromosome 2;
  • Our earliest descent when we split of was Lucy who had; Better working memory, better able to communicate and work with others, better child rearing capability;
  • Lucy is likely to have been prone to Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs)
  • HERVs have been known to have drastic evolutionary consequences, as evidenced by tests on fruit flies who can transfer the virus.

Let me provide you with some facts most Biblical scholars with support as accurate:

  • Adam and Eve increase their knowledge and reasoning ability through eating the forbidden fruit
  • Eve had better child rearing capabilities

Classes of endogenous retroviruses - Could these be the key to the origin of life? Courtesy: Wikipedia

I therefore ask the biology community to refute the following:

  • Lucy inherited the mutations that came from a HERV in part causing Chromosomes 2A and 2B to fuse in her which was carried forward to subsequent generations.
  • Lucy’s differences from chimps are one of the reasons that humans have such a developed prefrontal cortex essential to social function
  • It is the human prefrontal cortex that gives us our advanced social/emotional skills and impairment in this can lead to problems like schizophrenia, autism, etc. as I showed in this poster published in 2011.
  • Lucy and her descendants are likely to have experienced many of the symptoms of autism as their frontal lobe would be developing at a faster rate than those primates who eventually became chimpanzees.
I ask the community of Biblical scholars to consider  the following:
  • It is possible that the forbidden fruit could have been infected by a fruit fly carrying a retrovirus causing the mutations in Adam and Eve that were replicated in Lucy, who was a child of their son, whose wife was a primate?

Does science have all the answers today, or will it have to wait until tomorrow?

I am not presenting this as my version of the truth, as it is not in that category. I am merely showing one way in which Genesis 3 could be refuted. Real scientists like myself know that refute does not mean disprove, or even prove, but provide evidence that will support or oppose a claim. I argue that the claims above to the biologists are refutable, as science should be able to say whether I have got it right or wrong. I know Fanatical Atheists will shout their mouths off, but if they can’t provide evidence against what I am claiming then their opinion is just an opinion, no more than that.

My truth on 9/11,Iraq and Afghanistan

March 8th, 2012

George W Bush (“Dubya”) intended to invade Iraq the day he got into office in order to secure the oil supplies of the oil barons he had vested interests with. 9/11 served as the ideal opportunity to answer the “Why now?” question.

The reason 9/11 happened, where Jihad Extremists occupied planes to drive into the World Trade Centres, was because these extremist were motivated by “going postal” because of the way they and their compatriots had been terrorised by Israel in Palestine. The US Government was not really worried by the effect of these attacks on the economy – they knew there were already offsite backups from the Y2K Contingency planning on standby.

Regardless of whether Osama Bin Laden actually had any influence in the attacks, the disparate Jihad Extremists the West was conveniently called Al-Qaeda so they looked like a united force, akin to ETA or the IRA.

By laying the blame at the Taliban, who were in government in Afghanistan following getting into government because of the Zionist suppression of Muslims, like the Nazis did following Zionist suppression of the German farmers, this meant the US could then use NATO’s laws of an attack on one state meaning an attack on all, to rope NATO members like the UK into their ‘War on Terror’ when in many cases they were supporting terrorism against the Muslims the Taliban had the support of. Essentially the Afghans see the NATO forces no differently to the way the British saw Argentina in the Falklands War, or the Americans saw Japan in WWII.

The impetus to secure oil in Iraq led Tony Blair, following a meeting with Dubya at his Ranch, where Blair was taken advantage of as someone with emotions and empathy that could not be controlled due to lack of the brains that Gordon Brown had to resist others which Blair didn’t.

Bush and Blair then agreed that because the ‘Why now‘ question couldn’t be answered without the claims “Why not Zimbabwe?” and “Why not North Korea?” being indefensible, they concocted a story about “weapons of mass destruction”.

I believe the following to be true also;

  • Tony Blair genuinely believed Saddam was a bad man and that removing him would improve human rights in Iraq
  • Dubya was more concerned with securing access to the oil than any other purpose
  • Saddam genuinely believed he had weapons of mass destruction – his henchmen would be afraid to say otherwise

The 2003 Liberation of Iraq whilst popular with those who were suppressed my Saddam in the immediate aftermath soon turned into an occupation as the people who were once united in their opposition to Saddam as a kind of Big Man, soon started fighting each other, due to the lack of order caused by the absence of a dictator.This mistake of the West taking sides in backing foreign powers, and Russia, China and Pakistan, backing the other side, in a ‘Hot War’ as opposed to a ‘Cold War’ is distablising the world.

It is my view that the only solution is for all EU member states to withdraw from NATO and form a EU Defence Agency. This should be tasked with defending Europe and not arming America.

It is wrong that so many British lives and those of other EU Citizens are dying, because they are defending the US from the consequences of its actions in the form of flawed foreign policy.

Muslims are in general anti-West, and the Jihads, whilst extremist, only exist as a reaction to the US backing of terrorism against Muslim states. While the US-backed wars in Afghanistan and Palestine continue, then the Jihads will always have the sympathies of law abiding Muslims, who while opposed to their Terror, know as I do that the Jihads are a reaction to suppression and not a force of oppression.

How to deal with homophobes who misuse the Bible

March 4th, 2012

Homophobes using the Bible usually quote two passages to support their homophobia:

  • Romans 1 – Where Paul damns homosexuality
  • Leviticus 18:22 – Where laying with a man as a woman is an “abomination”

Romans 1 is easiest to refute. Have a read of Romans 2. If you read it the way I do, then those persons who condemn homosexuals will be condemned themselves. Maybe homophobics are actually insecure in their own sexuality, and they are in denial so therefore attack others. If they hate homosexuals so much, then maybe it is not long after they become them themselves. Maybe something changed in Paul between writing Romans 1 and then Romans 2?

Leviticus 18:22 can be refuted a couple of ways. The first being that if one is bisexual, then so long as one has intimate relations with one’s male partner differently to the way one does with one’s female partner then one complies with that literally. The other is, if a man or woman is 100% attracted to the same sex and not the opposite sex then this is fine also for the reason that because they would never lay with the opposite sex then it is impossible to lay with them the same as one’s same sex partner because one never would!

My truth about the Holocaust

February 26th, 2012

In most parts of the West people know that there are two types of German in European history – The Nazis and those who sat by while the Nazis did the devil’s work.

All they know is that the Nazis suppressed the Jews, what they don’t know, is that the Nazis turned the table on the Zionist Jews by making them flee back to Palestine so they could no longer suppress the German food producers.

The Nazis were originally only interested in gassing the disabled, but the resentment to the Jews that was built up by the way the Zionists treated the German farmers, etc. is what resulted in the Holocaust against all Jews and not just the Zionists.

The Zionists then pleaded that they were the ones being suppressed, and the West then gave them the Israel State, which has meant the Zionists now have their ideal position as repressors rather than the repressed.

My belief and value system

February 26th, 2012

My values, which I have derived through an empirical factor-analysis, are what I use to guide my choice of beliefs at any point in time. These are-

  • Equality in Opportunity
  • Equality in Understanding
  • Equality in Relevance
  • Freedom of Aspiration
  • Freedom of Choice
  • Freedom of Expression

In interacting with the world, one’s values will guide the way one responds to the beliefs expressed by others and considered by oneself. If one tries to assert both one’s values and associated beliefs onto others I call this morality, which has no place in a democracy. If however one tries to convince others of one’s beliefs while respecting their own values then this is what democracies are all about.

Take a look at some of the competing belief systems I wrestle with in trying to find the perfect ‘truth’.

The Literary belief set

My literary belief set are those beliefs I have developed from reading literature or examining other media texts from which I have constructed a social reality. The following are types of Literary belief:

  • Religious beliefs. There are those things I think Biblical texts say, those things I think people of certain faiths believe, and there are those which I think support my values and should form part of my religious identity.
  • Cultural beliefs. There are those that I think established media texts say, those that I think people of different protected characteristics generally hold, and there are those that I think reflect the way I see myself through my values and should therefore become part of my individual cultural identity.

The Experiential belief set

My experiential belief set are those beliefs I have developed through interacting with the world and the people in it, reflection on these, and verification of them with other sources such as research papers and philosophical books and texts. My experiential beliefs include:

  • Scientific beliefs. There are those that I think established scientific texts and my own empirical and theoretical evidence says, those I think people of different scientific philosophies believe, and there are those which I think can help realise my values when used in a particular way.
  • Political beliefs. There are those that I think established political texts say, those I think people of different political positions believe, and there are those which I think support my values and form part of my political identity.
  • Personal beliefs. There are those that I think my mind and body want be to believe, those that I think those in society would prefer me to believe, and there are those that I believe that support my values, which I need to train my mind and body to believe  – one could call this my ‘soul’.

The role of my website

  • My weblog and blog aim to reconcile my personal beliefs with all the others.
  • My letters and op-eds aim to create debate in the public sphere around these discussions
  • My notice board and policies aim to present my best reconciliation that supports my values and beliefs while recognising and allowing others as well.
  • My publications aim to present a theoretical grounding of my understanding of the world, and evidence to inform the development of my ever changing and developing set of beliefs.

Bishop’s letter to the Giboff and Steve

February 7th, 2012

In response to the claims against my religion by Giboff and Steve, I declare the following:

My religion is called: Mixed – Anglican Solomonite and Gnostic Scientist. Essentially I am saying that in so far as my religious beliefs are concerned where science refutes a claim in the Bible then that claim is not valid. Equally, where science cannot refute a claim in the Bible then that claim should be considered valid (i.e. fill in the gaps) until science can refute it.

From the way I see it, I am not trying to impose myself onto others, I put my views on this site and people can use them as they see fit. They are not compelled to come on this website. The only people who think I’m trying to impose myself onto them are those who are not able to justify their own position as rigorously as I can mine. The people who say to me “I don’t do politics” were doing politics up until the point they said that!

They only moral (i.e. a attitude/value one wants others to adopt as a general principle) I have is that I am against morals and don’t see a place for them in our society. Many other post-modernists share that view. I instead have a <a href=”/1790/unplugged-and-uncut/protocols-and-commandments-of-jonathan-bishop/”>personal code of ethics</a> which I live by as others do the 10 commandments – If you look at that code you’ll see that all of the ten commandments are in there!

I feel quite sad for you both, the way that despite how educated you are, the way you are attacking me for creating a belief system, when the basis on which you are attacking it is from an opposing belief system! You both appear to me to be empiricists – That is you think the truth is in the material world and that one should access it through objective observation.

As someone who started my philosophical journey as a constructivist, I think that is delusional myself. You can’t have an idea of an external reality without constructing it! You can’t know whether something is true, without reference to something that is not true. It is you both that are deluding yourselves thinking that you are anymore objective than me.

The fact is my belief system as a scientist reflects that more of an open-minded Agnostic. My religion is essentially that of a Confirmed Anglican who lost faith in the legitimacy of the Bible and Christ after reading beyond the Gospels. With my philosophy that of a constructivist then the only option for a religion beyond being Agnostic is being Gnostic. My Gnosticism is based on building what I know about the Bible, with what I know about science, with what I know about how Equality law recognises specific aspects of religion such as choices to do with food, clothes, jewellery, etc. which are my own personal likes and dislikes in reference to the scriptures. On this basis, it is quite fun trolling people who actually believe in their religion beyond its basis as a ‘philosophical lifestyle choice’ in Equality Law, especially Atheists like Steve and those who give Solomon legitimacy, like Jews, Christians, and Muslims.

So put simply Giboff – your hunch was right. My religion is more of an instrument shall we say to make life more interesting and justify my personality, especially when it goes up against those people who don’t see themselves as religious, like Steve, attack it in such a way that exposes their religious beliefs. For instance if you look at the definition of belief in the equality Act 2010:

Religion has the meaning usually given to it but belief includes religious and philosophical beliefs including lack of belief (e.g. Atheism). Generally, a belief should affect your life choices or the way you live for it to be included in the definition.

On that basis, I am legally entitled to have multiple belief systems, including religious, philosophical etc. Just because some of these are based on justifying my personality, which is a manifestation of various medical conditions and experiences, does not mean it is any less valid in law, as those who actually hold their religious beliefs on par with their philosophical, political and social/personal ones, among others.

Bishop’s Letter to the Giboff

January 24th, 2012
The Giboff asked the following questions:
  • How do you define a religion as opposed a belief system?
Religion has the meaning usually given to it but belief includes religious and philosophical beliefs including lack of belief (e.g. Atheism). Generally, a belief should affect your life choices or the way you live  for it to be included in the definition. – Equality Act 2010
  • Is every decision discriminatory against someone, or potentially discriminatory?
There will always be discrimination of sorts some my be unlawful. For instance it is discrimination for a parent to allow 14-year-old child to go out of the house if they don’t a 13-year-old one, but it doesn’t mean it is illegal.
  • In order to make an alleged non-discriminatory decision discriminatory, what must the discriminated party prove?
For me it is prejudice. If a premise in a claim is based on  prejudiced point of view then
  • Do you live with your parents?

Define “live”

  • Are they religious, or do they believe that you are akin to King Soloman?

My Father is an Atheist. My mother is a Spiritualist. We tolerate one another’s religious convictions.

  • Are your siblings part of your church?
No
  • Have you ever had sex with man or beast – I believe this is fundamental to understanding the emotional needs of others?
I recently demonstrated my solution to Solomon’s idolatory activities towards that drove him to Sin, by making her more important to him and thus God:
Jesus says that if one so as looks at another woman lustfully that you have already committed sin against her in your eyes so you should seek to gouge your eyes out.
On this basis, because I have a strong attraction torwards women then it would be impossible not to Sin, so the only solutions are:
1. Have a permanent commitment-based relationship with a man (I have in the past loved a man as much as a woman)
2. Have many close friendships with women as Solomon did
3. More important is to put myself and my education first, so neither are more important than me and thus none more important than God.
  • Have the people of Treforest seen your views on abortion?
I would hope so, but the definitely have my policies on allowing the sun tanning shop to provide ‘fake shags’ and well as ‘fake tans’!
  • Where do you drink? I drink in the Bush in Llantwit Fardre, surprised not to have heard of you before recently, I know most local polymaths, i’m one myself, the only one I thought, I have a club, its just me at the moment, you are welcome to join, fee of 50p, you get a badge.
It was a nice offer, but I’m sure you’ll understand the only clubs I want to be a member of is those who don’t want me as a member :o )
  1. Any chance of showing us the equation for gender calculations, I think i’m 50/50, but would like to see (I like Elton John)
Yes. If you go to www.eqsq.com and take the test. You will see your EQ in relation to the average man and woman and your SQ in relation to the average man and woman.
You then need to make a value judgement. Mine was that as women are higher on that that will be my ‘FemQ’. And the same for men, their SQ score will be used for my MaleQ.
So I divided 100 by the average Male SQ and them multiplied it by my SQ to get ey MaleQ
I then divided 100 by the average Female EQ and then multiplied it by my EQ to get my FemQ
These then gave me  ratio – FemQ:MaleQ
To get the percent, you add the FemQ and MaleQ together to get the MFQ. And then you divide the FemQ by this MFQ and multiply it by 100.  That will say how female you are. Then you minus that from 100 to see how male you are.
  • Explain your conception of God, what are his boundaries, and then explain how Solomon could have been anything close to this conception.

God as I define as “all knowledge that is possible to know but is not yet known”.  And on this basis:

In the beginning God create the Heavens and the Earth – In the beginning he did, because Stephen Hawking wasn’t around then.

God separated the light from the dark, he called the dark night and the light day – he did, unless/until we know who was the first human to actually observe that fact.

God knows all what we don’t know. But a philosophical question is, if we know more than what Adam and Eve knew when they committed ‘Original sin,’ then is God getting small the closer we get to him, or is her getting bigger, that is because of even all what we know there is more to know which even God didn’t once know?

Equality Training – Ethics or Prejudice?

January 19th, 2012

Richard Wiseman posts a quiz on his blog. This type of quiz is used a lot in equality training to expose people’s prejudices. Often they try to get people to support saving a woman and child over a gay man or old man, or they try to get people to choose saving a surgeon over a disabled person or politician, or similar types of discrimination. Richard Wiseman’s was:

Time for a poll.  The sinking of the Costa Concordia has made me wonder whether the old adage of ‘women and children first’ still applies.  So, if you are a guy, imagine that you were on the ship.  It is sinking and there are a limited number of lifeboats.  You are not with your partner or children.  Would you follow the ‘women and children first’ rule?  Be honest – it is all anonymous!  Vote now….

My answer is simple: save myself and the child

It would be against my religion to put the woman and child before myself. My religion is Solomonite Scientist. In my religion I aim to be equal to King Solomon, who is equal to God. Therefore by putting a woman and child before myself I am committing Sin by saying I willing put put them above God, who I am equal to. God degrees that I shall have no God above him, so that means the woman and child would have to understand that to treat me equally on the grounds of my religious belief, would mean they could not come before me.

I answered both questions by the way. Whilst my sex is man, my gender is 19% female and 81% male so I had a right to answer the one relating to females. So I voted that most men would put women and children they have no relationship with before themselves. But then most of these men are probably walkovers who are pathetic excuses for human beings.

Survival of the fittest – If there were only two spaces on the boat, I’d take the kid and let the woman drown. Neither she, nor any other person is more important than me – they are certainly not above God!

Some things that people who are anti-solomonite say

December 25th, 2011

It is anti-solomonitic to say to a Solomonite in a derogatory way that they are:

Arrogant, big-headed, boastful, bombastic, cocky, conceited, crowing, egocentric, egoistic, egotistic, egotistical, exultant, haughty, high-and-mighty, inflated, know-it-all, loud-mouth, narcissistic, on an ego-trip, ostentatious, overweening. pleased with oneself, pompous, pretentious, proud, puffed up, self-aggrandising, self-applauding, self-important, self-promoting, smarty-alecky, snooty, strutting, stuck-up, swaggering, swanky, swollen-headed, too big for one’s boots or britches, vainglorious, vaunting, windbag.

Because: King Solomon had a very high opinion of himself, which Solomonites try to emulate

It is anti-solomonitic to say to a Solomonite in a derogatory way that they are:

Covetus, greedy, materialistic, possessive, superficial

Because: King Solomon was a collector of material possessions, which Solomonites try to emulate.

It is anti-solomonitic to say to a Solomonite in a derogatory way that they are:
Authoritarian autocratic, blinkered, despotic, commanding, confident, dictatorial, disciplinarian, doctrinaire, dogmatic, dominating, harsh, imperious, imperative, imperious, imposing, magisterial, officious, peremptory, rigid, self-assured, severe, strict, totalitarian, tyrannical, unyielding
Because: King Solomon was confident in his beliefs and outlook on life and presented them with authority, which is something Solomonites try to emulate.

It is anti-solomonitic to say to a Solomonite in a derogatory way that they are:

Aberrant, absurd, brainless, cockamamie, crazy, delirious, demented, disconnected, disjointed, distraught, fallacious, flaky, foolish, freaky, idiotic, incoherent, injudicious, insane, invalid, kooky, loony, mad, mindless, nonsensical, nutty, off-the-wall, preposterous, raving, reasonless, ridiculous, silly, sophistic, specious, stupid, thick, unreasonable, unreasoning, unsound, unstable, unthinking, unwise , wacky, wild, wrong.

Because: King Solomon had knowledge that many of those around him did not have, which was his wisdom. So to to assume something a Solomonite says is the case is wrong without exploring their knowledge in more depth is ignorant to a Solomonite whose knowledge is likely to be very unique and not easily obtainable by others.

My Christmas Day Truth on Jesus Christ – The Pretended Saviour of the Universe

December 25th, 2011

For me it is clear in religious terms that Christ was a prophet. He was from the line of King Solomon, as Mohammed was, and he made claims about the origin, nature and future of the planet. In my pluralist faith – being ‘Mixed – Anglican Solomonite & Gnostic Scientist‘ – I also regard Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton and Stephen Hawking to be prophets, as they made claims which on the basis of current science at the time they made them they were not entirely provable.

In is my view that Christ was not ‘crucified’. I personally think he did a deal with Pontius Pilate to pacify the Jews. Pilate said that Christ had committed no crime, and that he’d ‘wash his hands’ with the Jews.

So, reading the Gospels, there was this part where Doubting Thomas trues to prove Christ has ‘resurrected’ by putting his fingers though his hands. Thomas put his fingers through the centre of Christ’s hands and not his wrists, which proves to me Christ was not crucified the same as the others. Also, it is claimed that Christ spent 40 days in the desert, yet he only lasted a couple of hours on the Cross, so I find it unconvincing from a consistency point of view also.

It is known that the Roman’s ‘auctioned off’ all of Christ’s property between themselves. I think the purpose of this was so that when Christ was meant to have taken part in ‘assentation’, he was propertyless and therefore meek, like all those he said would inherit the earth. If he had not been ‘meek’ when he was ascended into heaven then he would have been a hypocrite.

Now turning to Paul and his conversion from Saul. I think it was Saul who wrote the letters to the Romans. It is long known that the letters were dictated. I think Christ was using Saul as a meat puppet, because as he had holes in his hands and couldn’t write, then Saul acted as a reasonable adjustment for him.

My interpretation of Romans 1 and 2 will be controversial from some, but reading them was essential to the inner-peace I find in myself today. In Romans 1, Paul has a complete condemnation on homosexuality, and in Romans 2 he defends it, saying those who condemn homosexuality will become homosexual themselves. I think this was based on Christ’s personal experiences working with Saul.

When I started having thoughts and feelings towards men, I found it completely disturbing. I thought I was becoming gay, and would therefore no longer be attracted to women, whose ‘assets’ I hold dear as desirable adornments to them, especially those which have been Photoshopped in ‘lad-mags’, but for which Photoshopping was not necessary in my first love!

So I became homophobic towards myself, but not towards other homosexuals in the way I treated them. In fact, while I was coming to terms with these experiences, I recruited the first two openly gay members to the Treforest Labour Party, and designed the discussion programme around things I thought they would be interested in, so that they felt more included and willing to participate.

My auto-homophobia didn’t reduce the thoughts they made them more powerful. And then I would have no control over them coming into my mind at times I would not want them. I have now accepted these thoughts.

So it is my view that the reason Christ wrote Romans 1, was because he was having thoughts that he didn’t want towards Saul, who he became close to, and this was his way to deal with it. So though his auto-homophobia his thoughts then increased so that he became orientated towards men, which led to him writing Romans 2, where he said condemning homosexuality will make one homosexual also.

So as you can see, I don’t think Christ had any supernatural powers. I am not willing to believe in anything supernatural until the day science can fully explain it so it can become natural. I think Christ was a very advanced psychiatrist of his days. None of his miracles including making those whose legs were amputated grow again. Most of the people he helped had neurological problems that were acute and treatable. Though talking to people at length and knowing which parts of the mind to manipulate he acted like a placebo, giving people a sense of confidence and home they had overcome their problems. Nothing is said in the Bible about whether Christ’s interventions actually had any long-term efficacy. And so called miracles like ‘walking on water’ were actually misinterpretation of the Bible, as in this case it was simply a case of when Chris’s boat approached the seashore that he walked on the wet sands, or something like that so I’m told by a Christian Minister.

I’m convinced that Christianity was created not by Christ, but by the Romans. Many stories in the New Testament have been shown to relate to local folk-law, like the rolling back of the stone to Christ’s resting place.

So even though I am willing to recognise Christ as a prophet, I give him no special place over any of the others, who I also recognise, including Mohammed. The person I regard as the Messiah, which is the anointed one of God is King Solomon, from whose line Christ and Mohammed came. I agree with Christians that Solomon turned to idolatry, which in my view is where he loved a woman more than he loved himself and God, but then so did Adam and Eve, who I think, in a religious sense, founded the human race and began our evolution, from which becoming equal to King Solomon is an important step in us knowing as much as God knew, which is why are brains have evolved so much since Adam and Eve’s day.